Trust Deficit: Electoral Reforms Now Imperative

The recent allegations by Congress leader Rahul Gandhi about "vote theft" in Karnataka and Bihar, alongside similar complaints from political parties in Delhi, West Bengal, and Maharashtra, highlight a deepening crisis of confidence in India’s electoral process. The controversy over the Special Intensive Revision (SIR) of voter lists in Bihar, where 52 lakh voters were found absent and 18 lakh declared dead, has further fuelled suspicions. While the ruling BJP and allies like Chirag Paswan defend the exercise as necessary to purge bogus entries, the opposition sees it as a targetted disenfranchisement of marginalised communities. This polarization underscores an urgent need for systemic reforms to restore trust in democracy’s cornerstone—free and fair elections.

The grievances are not limited to voter lists alone. Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs), despite their widespread use, remain a lightning rod for controversy. Opposition parties routinely question their reliability, alleging tampering or manipulation, though conclusive evidence is scarce. The Election Commission’s (EC) insistence on EVM integrity has done little to assuage doubts, as the opacity surrounding their operation persists. Combined with discrepancies in voter rolls, these concerns create a perfect storm of mistrust, eroding public faith in electoral outcomes.

The way forward demands a multi-pronged approach. First, the EC must prioritize transparency in voter list revisions. While weeding out duplicates and ineligible voters is essential, the process should be collaborative, with political parties granted real-time access to data and allowed to raise objections at every stage. The current adversarial climate, where revisions are viewed as partisan tools, only deepens divisions. Second, EVM-related apprehensions can be mitigated by enhancing verifiability. Expanding the Voter-Verified Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT) system to mandate full cross-verification of slips in a statistically significant sample of booths, as suggested by experts, would bolster confidence without compromising efficiency.

Moreover, the EC should institutionalize pre-election audits of voter lists in sensitive constituencies, involving neutral observers and civil society representatives. The Bihar SIR, though contentious, sets a precedent for proactive cleanup; replicating it nationwide with bipartisan oversight could preempt disputes. Simultaneously, leveraging technology for real-time voter registration updates and grievance redressal would minimize errors and curb malpractices.

Critics argue that electoral malfeasance is an inevitable byproduct of India’s complex democracy, but resignation is not an option. The EC’s credibility hinges on its ability to act as an impartial referee, not just in letter but in perception. Political parties, too, must move beyond opportunistic rhetoric and commit to constructive engagement. The alternative—a perpetual cycle of allegations and counter-allegations—risks reducing elections to a battleground of distrust rather than a celebration of popular will. India’s democracy deserves better. The time for electoral reforms is not tomorrow; it is today. 

 Wings of Change: India’s Aerospace Evolution

The retirement of the MiG-21, India’s legendary fighter aircraft, marks the end of an era in the nation’s military aviation history. For over six decades, the MiG-21 served as the backbone of the Indian Air Force (IAF), defending the skies with its agility and speed. Yet, its high accident rate (“flying coffin”)  and outdated technology made its phase-out inevitable. As the last squadron, the No. 4 “Oorials,” prepares to bid farewell, the IAF ushers in a new chapter with advanced fighter jets that promise to redefine India’s aerial dominance.

The MiG-21’s legacy is bittersweet. Introduced in the 1960s, it was a marvel of its time, playing a pivotal role in the 1971 war. However, its ageing design and frequent crashes—over 400 pilots lost in five decades—underscored the urgent need for modernisation. The IAF’s current focus is on inducting cutting-edge aircraft to replace the MiG-21 and bolster India’s combat readiness. Leading this transformation are the Rafale, Tejas, and the upcoming indigenous Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA).

The Rafale, a French-origin multirole fighter, is already a game-changer. With superior avionics, stealth features, and the deadly Meteor air-to-air missile, it outclasses the MiG-21 in every aspect. Its combat performance in the Balakot airstrike demonstrated its precision and lethality. Meanwhile, the indigenously developed Tejas Mk-1A, though lighter, offers modern electronics and lower maintenance costs, making it a viable replacement for the MiG-21 in ground-attack roles. The upcoming Tejas Mk-2 and AMCA will further bridge the gap between fourth and fifth-generation fighters, ensuring self-reliance in defence manufacturing. Beyond these, India is also investing in the Sukhoi-30MKI upgrades and the potential procurement of additional squadrons of fifth-generation fighters like the Russian Su-57 or collaboration on futuristic programs. The focus remains on achieving a balanced fleet—combining heavy, medium, and light fighters—to address diverse threats, from dogfights along the borders to long-range strikes. However, budget constraints and bureaucratic delays in procurement remain hurdles in this transition.

Comparatively, the MiG-21’s limitations—limited payload, outdated radar, and lack of stealth—pale against these modern jets. Yet, its retirement symbolises more than just technological progress; it reflects India’s strategic shift from reliance on Soviet-era hardware to a diversified, future-ready fleet. Challenges remain, including delays in indigenous projects and the need for higher squadron strength, but the MiG-21’s exit is a necessary step toward a more advanced and safer IAF.

As the MiG-21 flies into history, its lessons endure. The IAF’s future lies in a mix of imported prowess and homegrown innovation, ensuring that the skies remain secure. The next generation of fighters must not only replace the old guard but also elevate India’s position as a formidable air power in an increasingly contested region.

 Identity Politics: Mamata’s Battle for Bengal

With less than a year to go for the West Bengal Assembly elections, Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee has sharpened her rhetoric, shifting from “Bengal under threat” to “Bengalis under threat.” Her recent stance ahead of the Martyrs’ Day Rally of Monday made it clear that identity politics will be her central plank in 2026. By framing the contest as a battle for Bengali culture, language, and cuisine, she aims to consolidate her core vote bank while countering the BJP’s aggressive push into the state.

Mamata Banerjee is no stranger to political theatrics, and her ability to reinvent narratives is unmatched. Her earlier campaigns painted the BJP as an outsider force threatening Bengal’s secular fabric. Now, she has tweaked that narrative to position herself
as the sole defender of Bengali identity. This pivot is strategic—it allows her to counter the BJP’s Hindutva appeal with a regionalist, sub-nationalist pitch. However, critics argue that her rhetoric risks polarizing the state further, especially given her overt reliance on Muslim vote banks, which has, over the years, led to accusations of fostering “mini Muslim regions” within Bengal.

Mamata’s rise was itself a revolt against Bengal’s entrenched Marxist regime, which ruled for over three decades. She broke the Left’s stranglehold by positioning herself as the voice of the oppressed, channeling public fatigue with communist stagnation. Yet, some argue she has adopted the same autocratic tendencies she once opposed—using state machinery to crush dissent, much like the Left did in its heyday.

Yet, Mamata’s resilience cannot be underestimated. She remains one of the few opposition leaders who has consistently opposed Prime Minister Narendra Modi, refusing to align with him even as others have softened their stance. Her victory in the 2021 elections, despite the BJP’s massive campaign, proved her ability to mobilize voters against a national wave. Her street-fighter image, combined with welfare schemes and a fiercely regionalist stance, makes her a formidable opponent.

However, the 2026 elections will test her like never before. The BJP has deepened its organizational roots in Bengal, and Mamata’s anti-CAA, anti-NRC stance may not resonate as strongly as before. Moreover, her governance record—marked by allegations of corruption, political violence, and sluggish industrial growth—could undermine her cultural nationalism pitch.

Mamata’s strength lies in her ability to make every election a referendum on Bengali pride versus “outsider influence.” But whether identity politics alone can override anti-incumbency and BJP’s growing clout remains uncertain. As Bengal braces for another high-stakes battle, Mamata’s survival hinges on convincing voters that she—and not the BJP—is the true guardian of Bengal’s soul. The coming months will reveal if her narrative holds, or if the electorate seeks change beyond symbolism.

Chips & Clouds: The Future of Sovereign AI

The rise of sovereign AI reflects a growing belief among nations that controlling their own artificial intelligence infrastructure is a matter of strategic importance. Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang has successfully pitched the idea to Gulf countries and other governments, framing it as essential for national security and cultural preservation. However, his advocacy isn’t entirely altruistic—Nvidia faces increasing competition from tech giants developing their own AI chips, threatening its dominance. Sovereign AI, built on open-source models and localized cloud computing, offers Nvidia a lucrative market while allowing nations to assert digital independence.

At its core, sovereign AI is driven by the perceived threat of data crossing borders. Countries fear that relying on foreign AI systems could expose sensitive information or leave them vulnerable to geopolitical pressures. By developing homegrown AI, they aim to secure critical data and maintain control over their digital ecosystems. For nations like India, sovereign AI isn’t just about security—it’s about representation. Local models can prioritize regional languages, customs, and cultural nuances, ensuring AI serves domestic needs rather than global homogenization.

Yet the path to sovereign AI is fraught with challenges. Building and maintaining state-of-the-art AI requires massive investments in infrastructure, talent, and energy—resources many nations lack. Smaller economies may struggle to compete with the scale of American or Chinese tech giants, raising questions about long-term viability. Additionally, the rush to establish sovereign AI could lead to fragmentation, with incompatible systems hindering global collaboration on pressing issues like climate change or healthcare.

Tech giants like Google, Microsoft, and Amazon argue that their cloud computing platforms offer better data security than most sovereign AI systems can achieve. With vast investments in encryption, zero-trust architectures, and AI-driven threat detection, these companies provide enterprise-grade security at a scale few nations can match.

For Nvidia, sovereign AI represents both an opportunity and a hedge. As cloud providers and Big Tech firms design their own chips, Nvidia risks losing its grip on the AI hardware market. By encouraging nations to build independent AI capabilities, Huang ensures continued demand for Nvidia’s GPUs and software. Still, the long-term impact remains uncertain. If countries succeed in creating self-sufficient AI ecosystems, they may eventually reduce reliance on external vendors altogether.

 

The future of sovereign AI will likely be shaped by a mix of ambition and pragmatism. While some nations will push for full autonomy, others may opt for hybrid models, blending domestic infrastructure with strategic partnerships. What’s clear is that AI is no longer just a technological race—it’s a geopolitical one. As countries navigate this complex landscape, the balance between sovereignty, security, and collaboration will define the next era of artificial intelligence.

 Terror Designation: US Move Reshapes Regional Dynamics

The US decision to label The Resistance Front (TRF) as a global terrorist outfit marks a pivotal moment in the geopolitics of South Asia, particularly for India, Pakistan, and China. This designation not only validates India’s long-standing claims about TRF being a proxy of Pakistan-based Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT) but also exposes the intricate web of cross-border terrorism orchestrated under the guise of local insurgency. The timing, following the brutal Pahalgam attack, underscores the urgency of international action against groups exploiting regional instability. 

India’s response has been measured yet firm, with Operation Sindoor demonstrating its resolve to retaliate against terror infrastructure. The operation, coupled with diplomatic efforts to isolate Pakistan-backed groups, reflects a strategic shift from defensive postures to proactive counterterrorism. The US designation amplifies India’s stance, lending global legitimacy to its fight against terrorism. However, the muted reactions from Pakistan and China reveal deeper geopolitical fault lines.

China’s call for “stronger regional anti-terror cooperation” rings hollow given its history of shielding Pakistan-based terror groups at the UN Security Council. The omission of TRF and LeT from the UNSC’s April 25 statement, allegedly due to Chinese objections, highlights Beijing’s dual standards. Its rhetoric of cooperation contrasts sharply with actions that undermine collective security. For India, this underscores the need to leverage multilateral platforms like the FATF and the Quad to counter state-sponsored terrorism.

Pakistan, meanwhile, faces mounting pressure as the TRF’s links to its military establishment grow increasingly untenable. The group’s rebranding as a “homegrown” entity has failed to deceive international observers. Intelligence intercepts tracing TRF operations to Pakistani safe houses and the involvement of former SSG commanders expose Islamabad’s complicity. The US designation isolates Pakistan further, forcing it to reckon with its role as a terror incubator.

The TRF’s evolving tactics—targeting civilians, infrastructure, and tourists—signal a dangerous escalation aimed at destabilizing Jammu and Kashmir. The Pahalgam attack, with its communal overtones and military precision, exemplifies this shift. The US move disrupts TRF’s logistical and financial networks, but sustained action is needed to dismantle its ecosystem. India must collaborate with allies to enforce sanctions, monitor digital terror financing, and expose Pakistan’s duplicity.

Ultimately, the US designation is a diplomatic victory for India, but the road ahead demands vigilance. The region’s stability hinges on holding Pakistan accountable and compelling China to abandon its obstructive stance. For now, the message is clear: terrorism, in any guise, will face global condemnation. The challenge lies in translating this momentum into lasting security. The TRF’s designation sets a precedent for targeting similar proxies, but unilateral actions alone won’t suffice. A coordinated global effort is vital to dismantle the infrastructure of terror thriving under geopolitical cover.

 

 Identity Politics: The SIR and NRC Debate

The ongoing implementation of the Special Intensive Revision (SIR) of electoral rolls in Bihar has sparked controversy, with critics like AIMIM chief Asaduddin Owaisi alleging it is a backdoor attempt to introduce the National Register of Citizens (NRC). The concern stems from fears that SIR, which involves door-to-door verification, could disproportionately target marginalized communities, particularly Muslims, under the guise of cleaning up voter lists. While the Election Commission maintains that SIR is a routine exercise to ensure accurate voter data, the timing and political context have raised suspicions, especially given the BJP’s push for NRC and Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) in recent years.

The NRC, first implemented in Assam, was designed to identify undocumented immigrants, but its execution led to widespread chaos, with over 19 lakh people excluded—many of them poor and lacking
proper documentation. Critics argue that a nationwide NRC, combined with the CAA—which fast-tracks citizenship for non-Muslim migrants from neighboring countries—would effectively render many Indian Muslims stateless if they cannot prove their ancestry. Supporters, however, contend that NRC is necessary to curb illegal immigration and protect national security. The BJP’s rhetoric around NRC has often conflated illegal migrants with religious identity, deepening anxieties among minorities.

Proponents of SIR argue that updating electoral rolls is essential to prevent voter fraud and ensure fair elections. A clean voter list strengthens democracy by eliminating duplicate or fraudulent entries. However, the lack of transparency in the verification process and past instances of bureaucratic overreach—such as in Assam’s NRC—have eroded trust. If SIR is conducted fairly, it could enhance electoral integrity, but if misused, it risks disenfranchising vulnerable groups. The challenge lies in ensuring that such exercises are neutral, non-discriminatory, and free from political agendas.

The debate over NRC and SIR ultimately reflects a larger tension between national security and civil liberties. While identifying illegal residents is a legitimate state function, any such measure must be implemented with safeguards to protect genuine citizens from undue hardship. The Assam NRC experience showed how poorly designed policies can create humanitarian crises, with many lifelong residents struggling to prove their citizenship. A nationwide NRC without robust documentation infrastructure and legal support would repeat these failures on a larger scale.

India’s pluralism demands policies that unite rather than divide. Electoral reforms like SIR must be pursued with caution, ensuring they do not become tools of exclusion. Similarly, the NRC debate requires a balanced approach—one that addresses security concerns without undermining the citizenship rights of legitimate Indians. The government must prioritize fairness, transparency, and inclusivity to prevent these initiatives from deepening societal fissures. The real test lies not in identifying outsiders but in securing the rights of those who belong.

 Social Security Coverage: India’s Remarkable Leap

India’s recent recognition by the International Labour Organisation (ILO) as the second-ranked country in the world for social security coverage marks a historic achievement. The ILO report highlights an unprecedented 45 percentage point surge in India’s social protection coverage over the past decade, rising from 19% in 2015 to 64.3% in 2025. This expansion now ensures that 94 crore Indians—nearly two-thirds of the population—are covered under at least one social protection benefit. Such progress underscores India’s commitment to inclusive growth and aligns with the global vision of universal social protection as a cornerstone for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030.

The ILO’s acknowledgement reflects the success of India’s legislatively backed, pro-poor welfare schemes under Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s leadership. Schemes like the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana, Ayushman Bharat, and the Direct Benefit Transfer system have played pivotal roles in extending financial and health security to marginalised communities. The ILO’s stringent criteria—requiring schemes to be cash-based, active, and backed by verified data—further validate the robustness of India’s social protection framework. Labour and Employment Minister Mansukh Mandaviya’s emphasis on “Antyodaya” (empowering the last mile) during his discussions with the ILO Director General Gilbert F. Houngbo exemplifies India’s resolve to leave no one behind.

This achievement is particularly significant in the context of global efforts to promote social justice. Universal social protection is not just a policy tool but a human right, essential for reducing inequality and fostering sustainable development. India’s rapid expansion of coverage demonstrates how targeted policies can transform lives, especially for the labour class and vulnerable groups. The ongoing Phase II of the Social Protection Data Pooling Exercise, which includes verification of additional schemes, is expected to push India’s coverage beyond the 100-crore mark, setting a global benchmark.

However, challenges remain. Ensuring the sustainability of these schemes, improving delivery mechanisms, and addressing regional disparities will be critical as India moves toward universal coverage. The ILO’s recognition should serve as both a validation and a catalyst for further innovation in social security. By continuing to prioritize inclusivity and transparency, India can not only consolidate its gains but also inspire other nations to accelerate their own social protection agendas.

In a world grappling with economic uncertainties and widening inequalities, India’s progress offers a blueprint for leveraging social security as a tool for equitable growth. As the country strides toward the 100-crore coverage milestone, its journey reaffirms the transformative power of visionary leadership and people-centric policies. The ILO’s ranking is not just a badge of honor but a call to action—to ensure that every citizen, regardless of their socio-economic status, enjoys the safety net they deserve.

Drones Dominance: The Future of Modern Warfare

The evolution of warfare has always been driven by the desire to minimize human casualties while maximizing tactical advantage. From trenches to tanks, and now to drones, nations prioritize preserving soldiers' lives while escalating the intensity of conflicts. The United States, for instance, has long been cautious about "boots on the ground," preferring air strikes and unmanned systems to reduce risks. Today, this trend has reached new heights with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and counter-drone technologies reshaping battlefields, enabling fiercer engagements with fewer human losses but greater collateral damage and prolonged hostilities. 

India’s recent experiences underscore this shift. During Operation Sindoor, India effectively neutralized Pakistan’s drone threats using a mix of kinetic and non-kinetic measures, as highlighted by Chief of Defence Staff General Anil Chauhan. The operation demonstrated the critical role of indigenous UAVs and Counter-Unmanned Aerial Systems (C-UAS) tailored to India’s terrain and needs. Pakistan’s attempted drone strikes on May 10 were largely thwarted, with many drones recovered intact—a testament to India’s growing prowess in this domain. The Harop loitering munition, for instance, outmanoeuvred Pakistan’s Songar drones, proving the value of homegrown technology in asymmetric warfare.

The lessons from Ukraine further validate this paradigm. Ukraine’s innovative use of drones in multi-domain attacks has exposed the vulnerabilities of traditional military platforms, signaling a seminal moment in warfare. Drones are no longer mere supplements; they are central to offensive and defensive strategies, capable of shifting the tactical balance disproportionately. As General Chauhan emphasized, reliance on foreign technology weakens preparedness and limits scalability. Adversaries can predict capabilities based on known systems, whereas indigenous solutions offer unpredictability and strategic autonomy.

India’s push for self-reliance in drone and counter-drone technologies under the Atmanirbhar Bharat initiative is not just a policy choice but a strategic imperative. The recent workshop on indigenization highlighted the need for a comprehensive ecosystem—from components to architectures—to safeguard national security. Brigadier Arabiman Narang’s insights from Operation Sindoor and global conflicts like Ukraine reinforce that no drone can be ignored, and the entire defense infrastructure must adapt. The Russia-Ukraine war has shown how cheap, mass-produced drones can overwhelm expensive air defenses. India must heed this lesson—investing not only in high-end systems but also in scalable, cost-effective solutions. The integration of AI for swarm tactics and real-time decision-making will be decisive, turning drones from mere tools into autonomous game-changers on the battlefield.

The future of warfare will be decided by which nation can innovate faster and integrate unmanned systems more effectively into its military doctrine. As conflicts increasingly pivot toward attritional drone battles, the country that masters this domain will dominate the skies—and the outcome of wars. India’s progress is promising, but the race has just begun.

 

 Waqf Bill: Politics and Opportunism

The passage of the Waqf (Amendment) Bill, 2025, was expected to be a challenge for the BJP-led government, given the sensitivities surrounding the issue. However, the ease with which it sailed through both houses of Parliament underscored not only the BJP’s numerical advantage but also the opportunistic politics of several regional parties. The debate and voting process laid bare the deep political fault lines and the shifting priorities of parties that have traditionally built their support on minority vote banks.

Far from being a debate on principle, the Waqf Bill exposed how political parties navigate the tricky terrain of minority appeasement or antagonism based on electoral calculations. Some parties opposed the bill as a symbolic stand to retain Muslim support, while others found themselves in awkward positions due to their shifting alliances and internal divisions. The Janata Dal (United) [JD(U)] faced significant turmoil, with at least two members resigning in protest. JD(U) spokesperson Rajiv Ranjan Prasad, however, dismissed these resignations as theatrics, stating that neither individual was a core member of the party. Yet, the visible dissent within JD(U) reflects deeper discomfort among its minority leaders, particularly Ghulam Rasool Baliyawi, who openly criticized the party’s support for the bill.

The Biju Janata Dal (BJD) found itself in an equally uncomfortable position. Despite being a party known for its secular stance, its support for the Waqf Bill created internal fractures. BJD has seven members in the Rajya Sabha, three voted in support of the Bill, signalling an erosion of party discipline under Naveen Patnaik’s leadership. The party’s official stance was to oppose the bill. This has led to speculation about a growing rift within the party and the possibility of members switching sides in the near future. Having failed to win a single Lok Sabha seat in the last general elections, the BJD now faces the additional challenge of maintaining its hold over its Rajya Sabha members, some of whom may be re-evaluating their political affiliations.

Meanwhile, the bill sparked protests in West Bengal, with Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee positioning herself as the strongest critic of the legislation. She pledged that any future government under her influence would amend or repeal the bill, a clear indication of her attempt to consolidate Muslim support in the state. The political ramifications of the Waqf Bill have thus extended beyond Parliament, with street protests and internal party frictions.

In essence, the Waqf Bill’s passage has proven to be less about ideological conviction and more about the calculations of political survival. The strains within JD(U), BJD, and other parties highlight the shifting ground in Indian politics, where minority vote banks remain a crucial yet contested battleground.

 Transparency Test: Evaluating Odisha’s DMF Funds

The District Mineral Foundation (DMF) funds in Odisha, meant to uplift mining-affected regions, have long been mired in controversy. While the previous government launched numerous high-profile projects, allegations of mismanagement and incomplete work have cast a shadow over their utilisation. The recent decision by the new administration to involve a third-party auditor, Grant Thornton, to evaluate DMF projects is a step in the right direction, but questions linger about the independence and effectiveness of such an exercise.

Mineral-rich districts like Keonjhar and Anugul have seen massive spending under DMF, with thousands of crores allocated to infrastructure, beautification, and welfare schemes. However, reports suggest that nearly 20% of projects in Anugul alone remain unfinished, raising concerns about accountability. Media investigations and civil society groups have flagged irregularities, including hurried spending without proper outcomes. The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) has even sought action from the state chief secretary over underutilization, underscoring the gravity of the issue.

The new government’s amendments to DMF rules, imposing stricter controls on fund transfers, are welcome. Earlier, district collectors had considerable discretion in spending, which led to allegations of favouritism and inefficiency. The revised guidelines aim to ensure funds are used purposefully, with greater oversight. However, the real test lies in enforcement. Past experiences show that well-intentioned policies often falter in implementation, especially when political and bureaucratic interests collide.

The appointment of Grant Thornton to audit DMF projects is a positive signal, but scepticism remains. The firm’s findings will only inspire confidence if the process is transparent and free from government interference. Unfortunately, the track record of state-commissioned audits in India is mixed, with many reports either watered down or shelved. If this evaluation is to have any impact, its methodology and findings must be made public, and corrective action must follow. Moreover, past evaluations of government schemes have often been reduced to mere formalities, with critical findings ignored. To break this pattern, the audit report must be made binding, with clear consequences for mismanagement and delays.

Beyond audits, Odisha needs a robust mechanism for community participation in DMF planning and monitoring. Local residents, who are the intended beneficiaries, often have little say in how funds are used. Greater involvement of gram sabhas and civil society would not only improve accountability but also ensure that spending aligns with grassroots needs rather than political vanity projects.

The DMF funds represent a golden opportunity to transform mining-affected areas, but only if used wisely. The new government’s efforts to tighten norms and evaluate past spending are commendable, but they must be followed by tangible action. Without genuine transparency and accountability, even the best policies will fail to deliver justice to the people these funds are meant to serve.

 

 Tariff Turmoil: Global Trade Shifts

Donald Trump’s recent announcement of sweeping tariffs has sent ripples through the global economy. Dubbed "Liberation Day," the policy imposes a baseline 10% tariff on all imports into the U.S., with India facing a specific 26% levy. This move, aimed at addressing trade imbalances, has sparked concerns about its implications for international trade dynamics.

For India, the tariffs pose a dual challenge. On one hand, they threaten to disrupt key export sectors like pharmaceuticals, textiles, and auto parts. On the other hand, they compel India to reassess its trade strategies. Historically, India has responded to such measures with a mix of adaptation and strategic countermeasures. For instance, when the U.S. imposed tariffs on steel and aluminium in 2018, India retaliated by raising duties on select American goods, including agricultural products and motorcycles. However, rather than engaging in a full-scale trade war, India also sought to strengthen trade ties with other nations to mitigate economic fallout.

In the current scenario, India might adopt a similar approach. Retaliatory tariffs on U.S. imports could be one option, targeting sectors where American exports are vulnerable. Alternatively, India could focus on strengthening trade ties with other nations, particularly in Asia and Europe, to offset the impact of reduced access to the U.S. market. Additionally, India could leverage this opportunity to push for domestic reforms that enhance its global competitiveness, such as reducing its own tariff barriers and improving the ease of doing business. Expanding trade agreements with emerging economies and deepening engagement with BRICS nations could also serve as a buffer against the adverse effects of U.S. tariffs.

The broader implications of Trump’s tariffs extend beyond India. Countries like China, the European Union, and Japan are also grappling with significant levies, ranging from 20% to 34%. This has the potential to trigger a global trade war, reminiscent of historical instances like the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act of 1930. That policy led to retaliatory tariffs from other nations, a collapse in global trade, and a deepening of the Great Depression.

Trump’s tariffs risk inflating consumer prices, disrupting supply chains, and straining diplomatic relations. For developing nations like India, the challenge lies in navigating these turbulent waters without compromising economic growth. By adopting a balanced strategy that combines retaliation with proactive reforms, India can not only mitigate the immediate impact but also position itself as a resilient player in the evolving global trade landscape.

While Trump’s tariffs underscore the fragility of the current trade order, they also present an opportunity for nations like India to recalibrate their strategies and emerge stronger. The road ahead is fraught with challenges, but with due care, India can turn this crisis into an opportunity for growth and transformation.

 

 Global Stand: India’s Firm Message on Terror

India’s recent diplomatic offensive across Europe under Operation Sindoor Outreach marks a significant shift in how the country is confronting cross-border terrorism on the global stage. The all-party delegation, led by senior BJP MP Ravi Shankar Prasad, delivered a resolute message—terrorism emanating from Pakistan will be treated as an "act of war." This unambiguous stance, articulated in key European capitals, reflects India’s hardened posture following the dastardly attack in Pahalgam, which drew widespread condemnation. The delegation’s efforts to rally international opinion against state-sponsored terror were met with solidarity, reinforcing the urgency of isolating Pakistan for its role in perpetuating violence.

The success of this outreach lies not just in the diplomatic handshakes but in the clarity of India’s narrative. By presenting evidence and engaging with lawmakers, think tanks, and diaspora communities, the delegation exposed Pakistan’s decades-long strategy of using terror as a tool of coercion. BJP MP Ghulam Ali Khatana’s stark warning that India will no longer tolerate such provocations resonated strongly, signalling a departure from passive diplomacy to assertive deterrence. Equally significant was the cross-party consensus, with MPs like AIADMK’s Thambidurai and BJP’s Daggubati Purandeswari underscoring the mission’s unified purpose.

Parallel delegations, including one to the US and the Americas led by Shashi Tharoor and another to Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, and Algeria featuring AIMIM’s Asaduddin Owaisi, complemented this effort. While their impact is still unfolding, their very composition, spanning political divides, demonstrates India’s rare unity on national security. The expectation was to translate outrage over Pahalgam into tangible global pressure on Pakistan. The relevance of these missions cannot be overstated; they counter Islamabad’s false equivalences and ensure India’s grievances are heard without dilution.

Critics may question whether such tours yield immediate policy shifts, but their true measure lies in the gradual erosion of Pakistan’s credibility. Europe’s vocal condemnation and the US’s growing impatience with Islamabad suggest the message is cutting through. For India, the challenge now is to sustain this momentum, ensuring that the world’s anger translates into concrete action, be it through sanctions, isolation, or heightened scrutiny of Pakistan’s terror infrastructure. The aftermath of Pahalgam has shown that India’s patience is exhausted. The world is listening. The next step must be accountability.

Beyond symbolism, these missions served a strategic purpose, countering Pakistan’s attempts to internationalise Kashmir while deflecting blame for terrorism. By engaging European parliaments and institutions, India preempted Islamabad’s propaganda, ensuring that discussions on regional security centred on cross-border terror rather than political grievances. The delegation’s access to high-level policymakers, including meetings with EU officials in Brussels, amplified India’s case, making it harder for Pakistan to evade responsibility. This proactive diplomacy has turned global forums into platforms for accountability rather than equivocation.

 

 Odia Asmita: Towards a Cultural Renaissance

The celebration of Odisha Divas on April 1 is a reminder of a historic struggle that led to the creation of India's first linguistic state in 1936. This was not merely an administrative victory but a cultural assertion, affirming the identity of Odias who had long been fragmented under British rule. Yet, nearly nine decades later, the Odia language and culture are at a crossroads, struggling to retain relevance in an era dominated by globalisation, English education, and homogenised pop culture. While the state government's recent initiatives, such as the 15-day Odia Pakhya, aim to rekindle pride in Odia heritage, the question remains whether these can reverse the erosion of Odia Asmita or are temporary fixes to a deep-rooted crisis.

The Odia Pakhya celebrations include a series of well-intentioned programs. These activities help raise awareness about Odia culture, but critics highlight a valid concern: can sporadic celebrations truly revive a language and culture that are steadily losing ground in daily life?

One of the most alarming signs of cultural erosion is the diminishing presence of Odia in education. While proficiency in English is important, the neglect of Odia in early education has led to a generation that can barely read or write its own language fluently. Even more concerning is the lack of serious academic engagement with Odia literature and linguistics within Odisha's own universities. Institutions like Utkal University and the newly established Odia University were envisioned as centres of Odia scholarship, yet their contributions pale in comparison to the work being done outside the state, such as at Visva-Bharati in Santiniketan or the Orissa Research Project of Heidelberg University in Germany.

The government's role should extend beyond organising festivals. Policy interventions are needed to ensure Odia remains a living language, not just a ceremonial one. The state must incentivise Odia-medium education, improve curriculum quality, and ensure students do not see their mother tongue as a handicap in professional life. Universities must be pushed to undertake serious research in Odia linguistics, folklore, and classical literature, with grants and fellowships made available for scholars working on Odia heritage. Cultural integration in mass media is equally crucial—Odia cinema, music, and television must move beyond repetitive themes and embrace contemporary storytelling while retaining cultural roots.

While the government must lead the way, the revival of Odia Asmita cannot be a top-down effort alone. Families must take pride in speaking Odia at home and the youth must be encouraged to engage with their heritage rather than viewing it as outdated The time has come to move beyond symbolic gestures and build a concrete roadmap for preserving Odisha's linguistic and cultural legacy for future generations. Only then can we truly honour the spirit of Odisha Divas. 

 Ghibli Craze: Artistry Meets AI

The recent surge in Ghibli-inspired AI art, sparked by OpenAI’s latest ChatGPT update in March 2025, has ignited both fascination and unease. Fans have flooded social media with images—selfies, family portraits, and even memes—transformed into the whimsical, hand-drawn aesthetic of Studio Ghibli’s legendary filmmaker Hayao Miyazaki. In seconds, a mundane photo can resemble a frame from My Neighbour Totoro or Spirited Away. Yet beneath the playful trend lies a deeper tension: what does this mean for Miyazaki’s legacy and the broader landscape of human creativity?

Miyazaki’s films are labours of love, crafted over years with meticulous hand-drawn frames and an almost spiritual devotion to detail. This slow artistry stands in stark contrast to AI’s ability to mimic it instantly. The technology’s realism—perhaps the closest yet to capturing Ghibli’s essence—has thrilled users, with even OpenAI CEO Sam Altman joining the craze, swapping his X profile picture for a “Ghiblified” selfie. But the trend isn’t all lighthearted. Some have pushed the tool into darker territory, generating images of historical tragedies like 9/11 or George Floyd’s murder in Miyazaki’s style, raising ethical questions about the boundaries of such technology.

For Miyazaki, who once called AI “an insult to life itself” in a 2016 documentary, this moment might feel like a betrayal. His words resurfaced online as the filter gained traction, echoing a sentiment shared by many artists today. The painstaking process behind his work, rooted in human experience and emotion, seems diminished when a machine can replicate it on demand. Studio Ghibli’s style, once a testament to human imagination, now risks becoming a casual filter, stripped of its soul.

This isn’t just about Miyazaki. The rise of AI tools like ChatGPT has rattled creative industries. In 2024, over 10,000 artists—including Kazuo Ishiguro, Julianne Moore, and Thom Yorke—signed a letter decrying the unlicensed use of their work to train AI models. They argue that such technology exploits human achievement, commodifying art without consent. Recent X posts reflect similar unease, with users lamenting how AI flattens cultural milestones into quick, disposable outputs.

Yet, the Ghibli craze also hints at AI’s potential to democratize creativity, letting fans engage with beloved aesthetics in new ways. The challenge lies in balance—honoring the original creators while navigating this uncharted frontier. For Miyazaki and countless others, the question remains: can AI amplify art without eroding its humanity? As of now, the answer is as elusive as the wind in Nausicaä.

 Grains of Change: Odisha’s Nutritional Revolution

Odisha’s recent high-level review of its Shree Anna Abhiyan marks a decisive shift in its agricultural priorities. By championing grains like millets, bajra, kangu, and suan, grains once relegated to the margins, the state is not just reviving traditional crops but challenging the monoculture mindset entrenched since the Green Revolution. This initiative envisions Odisha as a national hub for nutrient-rich staples, blending heritage preservation with rural empowerment. The timing is apt. As millets gain global recognition as “superfoods,” Odisha’s mission underscores a pressing need to rethink food systems that have prioritised yield over nutrition for decades.

The Green Revolution’s legacy is a double-edged sword. While it averted famine by boosting rice and wheat production, its reliance on chemical fertilisers and pesticides has left toxic trails. Punjab’s “cancer belts,” where water contamination parallels rising cancer rates, exemplify the human cost of this model. The environmental toll, depleted soils, and vanishing biodiversity are equally alarming. Worse, the revolution narrowed dietary diversity, with rice and wheat now dominating 50% of global plant-based calories. This monoculture has bred nutritional deficits: iron-deficiency anaemia in wheat-dependent populations, diabetes spikes linked to refined grains, and a disconnect from indigenous crops like millets that offer natural resilience against climate shocks and hidden hunger.

Beyond policy shifts, changing consumer behaviour is critical. Urban India’s rediscovery of millet-based dishes, from ragi dosas to bajra khichdi, reflects growing health consciousness. However, sustained demand requires awareness campaigns debunking myths about millets being "coarse" or hard to cook. Culinary influencers and nutritionists must collaborate to reposition these grains as versatile staples. When plate-level adoption matches farm-level revival, Odisha’s vision for a Shree Anna revolution will truly take root.

India’s recent millet push, highlighted by the International Year of Millets and the Shree Anna Yojana, signals a course correction. States like Odisha are integrating these crops into PDS systems, while celebrity endorsements and gourmet rediscoveries are rebranding millets from “poor man’s food” to aspirational staples. Yet, challenges persist. Minor millets remain sidelined in research budgets, and market linkages for tribal farmers are nascent. The way forward demands interdisciplinary efforts: scaling up seed banks, investing in millet-based value chains, and embedding these grains in school meals and urban diets.

Odisha’s ambition mirrors a global awakening. From quinoa’s rise in the Andes to fonio’s revival in West Africa, traditional crops are being rediscovered as allies against climate change and malnutrition. As the state sows the seeds of its Shree Anna hub, it offers a template for a food system that honours ecology, health, and equity—one where the past nourishes the future. The lesson is clear: true food security lies not in dominating nature, but in diversifying with it.

 

 Tragedy Strikes: Bangalore Stampede Fallout

The deadly stampede during the RCB victory celebrations in Bangalore has once again exposed the glaring lapses in crowd management and administrative apathy. What should have been a joyous occasion turned into a nightmare, leaving eleven dead and several injured. The tragedy raises uncomfortable questions about who was responsible and what could have been done to prevent it. Initial reports suggest a toxic mix of poor planning, inadequate police presence, and misleading social media updates contributed to the chaos. Yet, in the days that have followed, the outrage has begun to fade, replaced by the familiar cycle of hollow promises, political blame games, and superficial inquiries.

The Karnataka High Court has rightly demanded answers from the state government, questioning why no senior officials were present to oversee the event and why permissions were granted without proper risk assessment. The police claim they were caught off guard by the massive turnout, but this excuse rings hollow when large public gatherings are routine in different Indian cities. The lack of barricades, clear entry-exit points, and crowd control measures points to criminal negligence. Worse still, the confusion was exacerbated by unverified social media posts suggesting free giveaways, drawing thousands more than anticipated. The authorities should have anticipated this, given how quickly misinformation spreads online.

Instead of a thorough investigation, however, the response has been predictable. The suspension of some senior police officers appears more like a token gesture than genuine accountability. Meanwhile, politicians have wasted no time in trading accusations, with the opposition blaming the Congress government and the ruling party deflecting criticism. The focus has even bizarrely shifted to whether cricket stars like Virat Kohli should be held responsible: a distraction from the real issue of administrative failure.

The deeper issue lies in India’s systemic indifference toward public safety protocols. Stampedes, fires, and structural collapses follow a script—negligence, outrage, then amnesia. Authorities treat human lives as expendable statistics, relying on knee-jerk reactions rather than preventive governance. Until accountability is enforced beyond suspensions and headlines, such tragedies will remain inevitable, their lessons unlearned.

What is most disheartening is how quickly such tragedies vanish from public memory. The media moves on, the political circus winds down, and the victims are forgotten, until the next stampede, the next fire, the next bridge collapse. Each time, there are inquiries, arrests, and promises of reform, yet nothing changes. The Bangalore stampede is not an isolated incident but part of a recurring pattern of negligence. Unless there is a systemic overhaul in how public events are regulated and enforced, such disasters will keep repeating. For now, the city mourns, but soon, even that will fade—until the next time.

 Housing Dreams: Shelter Beyond Politics

Odisha Chief Minister Mohan Charan Majhi recently unveiled a new housing initiative, Antyodaya Gruha Yojana, aimed at uplifting the state’s rural poor, marking a fresh chapter in the BJP-led government’s welfare agenda. Designed to provide sturdy homes to economically disadvantaged families, the scheme integrates basic amenities like sanitation, cooking fuel, water, and electricity, reflecting a holistic approach to rural development. It positions itself as a complement to existing Central programs, seeking to bridge gaps left by prior efforts and cater to overlooked segments such as vulnerable widows, the differently-abled, and disaster-hit households. Launched with an ambitious rollout, the initiative underscores a commitment to rapid action, though its long-term impact remains tied to effective implementation.

This move contrasts with the previous BJD government’s housing efforts, which aimed to support lower and middle-income rural families but lost traction after the regime change. That earlier scheme, once heralded as a lifeline for those excluded from stringent eligibility criteria, struggled to maintain momentum under the new administration, with reports of stalled progress and administrative hiccups in several districts. The shift from BJD to BJP rule has thus ushered in not just a new policy but a reorientation of priorities, with the current government keen to stamp its identity on welfare delivery. Yet, this pattern of rebranding and rebooting housing initiatives has become a permanent feature in Odisha, where political parties have long vied to claim credit for addressing rural poverty.

The politics of naming and ownership loom large over such schemes. Past criticisms, levelled by BJP leaders against the BJD, accused the former government of co-opting centrally-funded programs like Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana for local glory with the Biju Pucca Ghar scheme, often at the expense of transparency in beneficiary selection. Allegations of favouritism and partisan distribution plagued earlier efforts, raising questions about whether benefits truly reached the intended poor or were siphoned off to political loyalists. The new scheme, while promising inclusivity and efficiency, must navigate this legacy of scepticism. Its emphasis on urgency and broader coverage suggests an attempt to break from past pitfalls, but success will depend on sidestepping the bureaucratic inertia and political gamesmanship that undermined its predecessor.

Ultimately, Majhi’s housing push reflects a broader contest between continuity and change in Odisha’s welfare landscape. While it builds on the foundation of national housing goals, its execution will test the BJP’s ability to deliver tangible results rather than just rhetorical flourish. For rural Odisha, caught between successive governments’ promises, the real measure lies in homes built, not headlines won.

 Bytes Before Bias: Embracing AI in Justice

The Indian judiciary, burdened with over 50 million pending cases, is at a crossroads where tradition must yield to innovation. While Chief Justice of India B R Gavai cautions against letting technology take the "driver’s seat," the reality demands a co-pilot, Artificial Intelligence, to steer the system out of its crippling backlog. The argument isn’t about replacing judges but augmenting their capabilities. AI, trained on millions of precedents and global jurisprudence, can deliver swift, data-driven verdicts in routine cases, freeing human judges to focus on complex, nuanced matters.

Former CJI D Y Chandrachud’s assertion that "technology should be a means of ensuring justice to everyone" rings truer today than ever. AI is already revolutionising critical fields like healthcare, where algorithms diagnose diseases and even assist in surgeries with precision. If machines can save lives in operating rooms, why not in courtrooms? The justice system’s resistance to AI stems from an outdated bias that equates morality exclusively with human judgment. Yet, isn’t it profoundly immoral to let innocents languish in jail for years, awaiting trial, because the system is clogged? Technology, when supervised by humans, can cut through this backlog, ensuring timely justice, a cornerstone of the rule of law.

AI’s potential lies in its ability to analyse vast datasets, statutes, precedents, and cross-border legal principles, in seconds, eliminating inconsistencies and judicial delays. For instance, petty disputes, traffic violations, or routine contract breaches could be resolved algorithmically, with a provision for human review. This isn’t about "blindly following historical trends," as the CJI fears, but about leveraging history to ensure fairness. The Supreme Court’s own stance on arbitral awards, permitting limited modifications without "de novo merits review", shows pragmatism. Why not extend this logic to AI-assisted verdicts?

Beyond efficiency, AI can also reduce judicial bias, ensuring verdicts are based on data rather than subjective interpretation. Studies show that human judges, despite their best intentions, are influenced by external factors like fatigue or personal beliefs. AI, devoid of such biases, can apply the law uniformly. Critics argue that machines lack empathy, but empathy is irrelevant in routine cases where the law is clear-cut. By integrating AI for such matters, we uphold fairness while accelerating justice.

The fear of eroding public trust in a tech-driven judiciary is misplaced. Trust is eroded by delays, not efficiency. A hybrid model, where AI handles the bulk of routine cases while judges tackle complex ones, would restore faith by delivering justice faster. The "human touch" matters, but so does the human cost of inaction. India’s justice system must shed its technophobia and pilot AI under judicial oversight. The alternative, status quo, is a greater betrayal of the rule of law than any algorithm could ever be.

 

 Mahanadi Pollution: Urgent Action Needed

The Mahanadi River, a vital lifeline for Odisha, faces a severe pollution crisis due to the unchecked discharge of untreated industrial effluents. Along a 300-meter stretch of the Mahanadi embankment, from the bridge to the New Industrial Estate, industries release waste through underground pipes, a practice that has drawn sharp criticism from local residents. Communities in Munda Sahi and Nua Sahi have accused the Industrial Development Corporation of Odisha (IDCO) of negligence, highlighting its failure to establish an effluent treatment plant (ETP) as a major contributor to the deteriorating situation.

This untreated waste, rich in harmful chemicals, has made the river unfit for drinking, bathing, or supporting aquatic ecosystems. The pollution has led to widespread health issues, including skin ailments among those who use the river, while also disrupting its ecological balance. Residents further note a lack of monitoring by authorities to identify waste sources or ensure proper treatment before discharge, exacerbating the problem.

IDCO’s Cuttack division has acknowledged the issue, stating that stormwater channels and effluent lines are under construction. Additionally, a request for two acres in Jagatpur industrial estate to build an ETP has been submitted, with tenders to follow once approval is granted. However, the slow pace of these efforts has left communities frustrated and the river’s health in jeopardy.

The crisis mirrors challenges seen elsewhere, such as India’s Ganga River, where the ambitious Namami Gange project has aimed to curb pollution through sewage treatment plants and industrial regulation. While progress has been made in the Ganga basin, with over 100 treatment plants operational by 2023, enforcement remains uneven, offering lessons for Mahanadi’s restoration. Similarly, successful efforts in South Korea’s Han River cleanup, driven by strict industrial controls and public investment, reduced pollution significantly within two decades, suggesting a potential model for Odisha.

Beyond Cuttack, a 2024 Indian Council of Medical Research study linked heavy metal pollution in rivers like Mahanadi, Kathajodi, Kuakhai, Daya, Brahmani, and Rushikuliya to rising cancer risks in cities like Bhubaneswar, Rourkela, and Bramhapur. The study found lead, iron, and aluminium levels exceeding permissible limits. Supporting data from a Synergy Institute of Technology study revealed massive sewage discharges: 10 lakh litres into Kuakhai and Daya, 7.5 lakh litres into Mahanadi and Kathajodi, 6 lakh litres into Brahmani, and 5 lakh litres into Rushikuliya. The 2024 CAG report also flagged industrial and urban wastewater as key polluters.

With gallstone disease and gallbladder cancer increasing in Odisha, tied to heavy metal exposure, the Mahanadi crisis demands urgent action—effective treatment infrastructure, rigorous monitoring, and lessons from global successes—to protect millions reliant on these waters.

 

Strategic Ties: India-Sri Lanka Partnership

India-Sri Lanka relations are poised for a transformative leap with Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s upcoming visit to Sri Lanka next week, scheduled for April 4-6, 2025. Modi will meet Sri Lankan President Anura Kumara Dissanayake and Prime Minister Harini Amarasuriya at the President’s invitation, aiming to bolster bilateral ties, review ongoing projects, and launch India-funded development initiatives. This visit underscores India’s “Neighbourhood First” policy, emphasising its commitment to supporting Sri Lanka’s economic recovery following the 2022 crisis, with talks expected to centre on infrastructure, renewable energy, and trade enhancement. 

Sri Lanka’s economic stabilisation under Dissanayake and Amarasuriya has sparked enthusiasm among Indian investors, who see potential in tourism, manufacturing, and renewable energy. With inflation declining and the rupee strengthening, the foundation for deeper collaboration is firming up. A key example is the $700 million Indian-backed port terminal project in Colombo, designed to improve connectivity and trade while subtly countering rival influences in the region. 

China’s expanding footprint in Sri Lanka, particularly through the Hambantota Port, remains a significant factor. Leased to China for 99 years in 2017 as part of a debt repayment deal, Hambantota has long been a bone of contention for India, which views it as part of Beijing’s “String of Pearls” strategy to encircle India in the Indian Ocean. Recent developments amplify this concern: the Hambantota International Ports Group has announced a major investment, installing four quay cranes and 13 rubber-tyred gantry cranes to boost capacity to 1 million TEUs. This upgrade positions Hambantota as a formidable competitor to India’s interests, notably the newly opened Vizhinjam Port in Kerala. The Kerala Steamer Agents Association has raised alarms over operational challenges at Vizhinjam, urging swift action as China’s rapid development of Hambantota threatens to overshadow it, intensifying regional port rivalry. 

India’s response blends economic pragmatism with strategic intent. While China offered $4.2 billion in aid during Sri Lanka’s crisis, India’s $4 billion package, coupled with humanitarian aid like fuel and food, has built stronger goodwill. Modi’s visit is also likely to address security cooperation, aiming to counterbalance China’s military presence. Sri Lanka, wary of over-dependence, appears to welcome this competition, leveraging it to diversify its partnerships. 

As Sri Lanka rebuilds, Modi’s engagement with Dissanayake and Amarasuriya could mark a new chapter of collaboration. While China’s influence, epitomised by Hambantota, persists, India’s mix of investment, diplomacy, and historical ties positions it as a key ally, fostering a partnership that navigates regional tensions for mutual prosperity. 

 Silent Wars: Agro-Terrorism’s Global Threat

India has long faced the spectre of agro-terrorism, with Pakistan accused of deploying biological weapons against its agriculture. Recent reports suggest cross-border infiltration of pests and pathogens, targeting crops to destabilise food security. Agro-terrorism, the deliberate use of biological agents to harm agriculture, is not new. Historically, during World War II, Britain allegedly dropped potato beetles over German fields. Today, India’s struggle with invasive species like Lantana camara, a toxic shrub introduced during colonial times, mirrors the silent devastation of agro-terrorism. The plant, originally ornamental, now chokes native ecosystems, costing billions in eradication efforts.

The U.S. recently accused China of agro-terrorism after FBI arrests revealed Chinese researchers smuggling harmful fungi into America. The targeted pathogen, Fusarium graminearum, threatens wheat crops, risking food supply chains. This aligns with a pattern: China has been linked to similar activities in Bangladesh and Pakistan, where genetically modified seeds and pests allegedly compromised local agriculture. Such tactics blur the line between ecological sabotage and economic warfare, as agricultural collapse triggers inflation, unemployment, and social unrest.

India remains vulnerable. Beyond Lantana, invasive species like Parthenium (congress grass) and water hyacinth have devastated farmland and water bodies. These “botanical invaders” often arrive covertly, their origins murky but their impact catastrophic. The 2020 locust swarms in Rajasthan, suspected to originate from Pakistan, underscored how agro-terrorism can exploit natural vectors. Deliberate pest introductions—whether insects, fungi, or weeds—can cripple economies without a single bullet fired.

Warfare has long scarred agriculture beyond direct attacks. During the Vietnam War, the U.S. sprayed Agent Orange to strip forest cover, exposing rebels but leaving farmlands toxic for generations. Similarly, if India restricts Indus waters under the 1960 treaty, Pakistan’s agriculture, dependent on the river, could collapse, showcasing how resource warfare mimics agro-terrorism. Active conflict zones paralyse farming altogether. Vietnam’s fields remain mined decades later, and Ukraine, once Europe’s breadbasket, now sees fertile land trenched or abandoned amid Russian strikes. Fear of collateral deaths keeps farmers from tending crops, turning food scarcity into a weapon. Whether through chemicals, water blockades, or bombs, war doesn’t just destroy harvests—it mutilates the very soil they grow in.

The U.S.-China case highlights the need for global biosecurity frameworks. Unlike nuclear threats, agro-terrorism leaves no immediate trace, complicating attribution. India must invest in surveillance, rapid response teams, and genetic sequencing to trace outbreaks. Strengthening the Plant Quarantine Order, 2003 and collaborating with agencies like the FAO could mitigate risks.

Agro-terrorism is war by other means. From Lantana’s stranglehold to China’s alleged fungal smuggling, the battlefield is shifting—from trenches to fields, from soldiers to farmers. For India, the lesson is clear: food security is national security.